A router receives a frame, strips the L2 header, looks up the IP destination in its routing table, picks the longest-prefix match, re-encapsulates in a new L2 frame for the outgoing interface, and sends it on. This chapter walks through that path step by step.
When two routes both match a destination — say a /24 and a /16 — the router uses the more specific one (the /24). This is why a default route 0.0.0.0/0 coexists with specific internal routes: internal traffic prefers the specifics, and only unmatched traffic falls through to the default.
1 more section in this chapter, plus a 2-question quiz.
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