Vocabulary for the security domain — threat, vulnerability, exploit, attack vector — followed by AAA (Authentication, Authorization, Accounting) and how 802.1X enforces port-based authentication on access switches.
Authentication answers 'who are you?' (a credential). Authorization answers 'what are you allowed to do?' (privilege levels, command sets). Accounting answers 'what did you do?' (logs, audit trail).
RADIUS (UDP 1812/1813) is the open-standard AAA protocol — encrypts only the password, used widely for network access (Wi-Fi, 802.1X). TACACS+ (TCP 49) is vendor-developed, encrypts the entire payload, and separates authentication, authorization, accounting — the standard for device admin access.
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